Language · 1957–now · Foundations
Fortran
Formula Translation for scientists who needed numbers before "software engineering" was a job title. Still runs the weather, the bomb labs, and half of HPC.
Why Fortran stuck
Fortran stuck because numerical performance and decades of verified libraries beat fashion. It never became a web language and did not need to. The fad was declaring it dead every decade while climate models kept compiling.
Compare with
Related
Language · 1972–now
C
The substrate language. Kernels, compilers, embedded — still the lingua franca when you need the metal.
Language · 1950–now
Assembly
The metal under every abstraction. You do not write it for CRUD; you write it when cycles, size, or boot ROM matter.
Language · 1958–now
Lisp
Parentheses, macros, and AI winters. The language academics admire and enterprises politely ignore — until a dialect sneaks into their editor.