Framework · 2006–now · Web Boom
jQuery
DOM peace treaty for a fractured browser world. Mission accomplished — then frameworks ate its job.
jQuery fixed IE-era pain so thoroughly that browsers and frameworks absorbed its ideas. It faded because the problem space shrank, not because it failed. Legacy intranet pages will keep loading it until those companies die.
Patterns

Context
The browser ate the desktop
The web became the default delivery surface. LAMP and Rails made shipping cheap; Ajax made pages feel like apps; SOAP/SOA tried to enterprise-ify the wire. REST won by being debuggable with curl. This decade invented the modern product cadence — and the habit of treating every new framework as destiny.
Compare with
Related
Architecture · 2005–now
Ajax SPAs (early)
Partial page updates without full reloads. Became the mental model for every modern front-end framework.
Framework · 2013–now
React
Components and unidirectional data. Won the front-end by being good enough and having a gravitational ecosystem.
Framework · 2011–now
Bootstrap
Opinionated CSS that made every site look like a startup for a while. Still the fastest path to a decent admin UI.