Architecture · 2003–2015 · Web Boom
Enterprise SOA
Reuse via shared services — in theory. In practice: central buses and political ownership fights.
SOA failed because reuse requires organizational alignment, not an ESB invoice. Shared services became political fiefdoms with versioning nightmares. Microservices repeated the same mistake with better container slides.
Cost of the fad
ESBs, governance boards, and "service portfolios" burned seven-figure programs. Many orgs got distributed monoliths with worse latency and a permanent integration team.
Case studies
- Lidl walks away from SAP Retail — Estimated €500M+ over seven years before abandonment
- Deutsche Bank absorbs Postbank into integration purgatory — Multi-year, multi-billion IT integration; branch and core systems lagged for a decade
- The ESB hub that became the outage — Hours of nationwide payment and branch downtime; remediation and audit costs in the tens of millions
Patterns
Context
The browser ate the desktop
The web became the default delivery surface. LAMP and Rails made shipping cheap; Ajax made pages feel like apps; SOAP/SOA tried to enterprise-ify the wire. REST won by being debuggable with curl. This decade invented the modern product cadence — and the habit of treating every new framework as destiny.
Compare with
Related
Architecture · 2000–2016
SOAP / WS-*
Enterprise web services with ceremony. Interoperability theater with XML envelopes.
$ Banks and governments sunk fortunes into WS-Security, WSDL toolchains, and vendor stacks — then quietly rebuilt on REST/JSON while still paying maintenance on the old bus.
Architecture · 2012–now
Microservices Everywhere
Independent deployability as religion. Correct for some; ruinous cargo-cult for most.
$ Teams split 4-person products into 40 services, then hired SREs to babysit the mesh. Many later consolidated — after years of distributed tracing invoices and on-call trauma. See case studies on premature microservices and big-bang cutovers for named failure modes.
Architecture · 1991–2008
CORBA
Language-agnostic distributed objects. Complexity scaled faster than value for most shops.
$ Enterprises spent years on IDL, ORBs, and vendor lock-in for distributed objects that SOAP and REST later made look quaint — after the invoices cleared.